Business Planning: Tactics VS. Strategy
Tactical Planning
Tactical planning is such an important
part of a company's strategic planning process that management consulting companies
are often hired to assist companies in preparing tactical plans. A company
usually begins with its objectives and then develops strategies for how to
carry out their objectives. Tactical plans are the specific action steps
necessary to get results.
Tactical Plan Basics
Tactical plans are sometimes called
short-term action plans because they breakdown bigger-picture goals and
strategies into narrower, actionable tasks. The key to a well-developed
tactical plan is having specifically stated actions assigned to particular
employees with specific deadlines. Bold objectives and thoughtful strategies
produce nothing if no steps are taken to put them into action. The goals and
strategies give vision and the actions make the company plans real.
Tactical plans should typically focus
on a handful of core company goals; otherwise, employee activities become too
fragmented and it is hard for employees to understand how their activities
ultimately tie into goals. Adorian Corporation advises clients to develop tactical
plans with three to five strong goals in mind. "Increase sales by 20
percent within 12 months" is an example of a specific, measurable goal. A
strategy of training employees on suggestion selling may help. A specific
tactic is requiring all sales employees to recommend a certain add-on product
or "service Y" to each customer buying "product X."
Strategies Vs. Tactics
One of the biggest challenges in
tactical planning is knowing the difference between a strategy and tactic.
These are sometimes confused. A strategy is essentially a framework or plan,
but it provides no tangible results on its own. Tactics are steps for
implementing your strategies and are actionable and have a purpose and a
measurable result. If you cannot see or discern the result of the action or
task it is likely not a tactic.
Operational Planning
The term "Operations" is a
small word that refers to your total business process. The three main types of
operations planning are startup operations creation, ongoing operations planning
and business continuity operations planning. A good way to start your
operations plan is to visualize in detail the procedures involved in
development of your product, purchase of raw materials, manufacturing process,
warehousing, marketing, sales process, purchase transaction, order fulfillment,
accounting, human resources and cash management. This is the scope of your
operations. Create a flow chart to identify how those various functions
interact.
Startup
Writing a business plan requires that
you give some thought to how your business will operate, including how you will
create your product or service, how you will market it, sell it, deliver it,
and how you will manage the administrative tasks involved. Create a detailed
roadmap of how your company will move through this process and expand it to
facilitate growth of your business. As a startup you should give consideration
to installing an enterprise resource planning, or ERP, software system that
will link your supply chain management system, inventory records, sales
transactions, accounting software and human resource records. This will make it
easier to view all functions of your organization in the form of condensed
daily reports and will provide comprehensive historical reports that will assist
in operations planning.
Ongoing
Use your ERP system to identify
blockages in the operations flow of your company or, if you do not have such a
system installed, meet regularly with your department heads to review how each
department works synergistically with other departments and how that synergy
translates into smooth efficient operations throughout your enterprise.
Communications and cooperation between departments are key to operational
efficiency. Plan for variable business scenarios and evaluate the response
capabilities of your administrative staff to production, sales and delivery
needs. Where operations usually break down is in the order processing and
accounting functions when the business flow overwhelms the department
capabilities.
Continuity
An important part of your operations
plan is contingency planning, which deals with disruptions from natural
disasters, emergency or crisis situations that include fires and electrical
outages, terrorist attacks and the death or disability of key personnel. This
is an operational or business continuity plan and should include a list of
procedures to be taken under various crisis scenarios, contact information for
all department managers and key personnel, contact information for outside
emergency assistance services and all insurance and banking information.
Include several people who will function as coordinators with full authority to
make decisions.
Benefits
Detailed organizational planning
projects often serve to reveal inefficiencies that have developed as your
company has grown. They also act as catalyst to new business development ideas.
Regular attention to operations planning assures efficiency of your operations
and will enable a quick return to profitable business activities in the event
of a natural disaster or crisis situation.
Considerations
Involve all managers and key personnel
in your operations plan project and set up an employee suggestion system. The
main goal of your planning is to identify realistic workable flow of procedures
and processes throughout your company, and often your low level employees are
the best source of information about how well your operations really work.
A perfect example of operational planning. |
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